Compare Christmas Island (2003) - Singapore (2008)

Compare Christmas Island (2003) z Singapore (2008)

	Christmas Island (2003)	Singapore (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	none
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 15.2% (male 358,064/female 333,702) 15-64 years: 76.3% (male 1,692,817/female 1,780,982) 65 years and over: 8.5% (male 171,876/female 215,568) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	NA	rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish
Airports	1 (2002)	8 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 8 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 692.7 sq km land: 682.7 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.	Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	9.17 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $27 billion expenditures: $21.5 billion (2007 est.)
Capital	The Settlement	name: Singapore geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds	tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Coastline	80 km	193 km
Constitution	NA	3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island	conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore local long form: Republic of Singapore local short form: Singapore
Currency	Australian dollar (AUD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$25.53 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia L. HERBOLD embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508 mailing address: FPO AP 96507-0001 telephone: [65] 6476-9100 FAX: [65] 6476-9340
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100 FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876 consulate(s) general: San Francisco consulate(s): New York
Disputes - international	none	disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in November 2007, the ICJ will hold public hearings as a consequence of the Memorials and Countermemorials filed by the parties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$0 (2007)
Economy - overview	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003.	Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP equal to that of the four largest West European countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in consumer electronics and information technology products. It was hard hit from 2001-03 by the global recession, by the slump in the technology sector, and by an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, which curbed tourism and consumer spending. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, a surge in exports, and internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004-07 with real GDP growth averaging 7% annually. The government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the global demand cycle for information technology products - it has attracted major investments in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production - and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	35.92 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2006)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	39.44 billion kWh (2006)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m	lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
Environment - current issues	NA	industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)	Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000 census)
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)	Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.507 (2007), 1.5889 (2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia	chief of state: President S R NATHAN (since 1 September 1999) note: uses S R NATHAN but his full name and the one used in formal communications is Sellapan RAMANATHAN head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Senior Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 12 August 2004); Minister Mentor LEE Kuan Yew (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers Shunmugam JAYAKUMAR (since 12 August 2004) and WONG Kan Seng (since 1 September 2005) cabinet: appointed by president, responsible to parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; appointed on 17 August 2005 (next election to be held by August 2011); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by president; deputy prime ministers appointed by president election results: Sellapan Rama (S R) NATHAN appointed president in August 2005 after Presidential Elections Committee disqualified three other would-be candidates; scheduled election not held
Exports	$NA	1.073 million bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	phosphate	machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels
Exports - partners	Australia, NZ	Malaysia 13.1%, US 10.2%, Hong Kong 10.1%, China 9.7%, Indonesia 9.2%, Japan 5.5%, Thailand 4.2% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
GDP	purchasing power parity - $NA	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 0% industry: 33.7% services: 66.3% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	7.5% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates	10 30 S, 105 40 E	1 22 N, 103 48 E
Geography - note	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean	focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
Highways	total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 32.8% (1998)
Illicit drugs	-	drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering
Imports	$NA	1.83 million bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods	machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	principally Australia	Malaysia 13%, US 12.7%, China 11.4%, Japan 8.3%, Taiwan 6.4%, Indonesia 6.2%, South Korea 4.4% (2006)
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	5.6% (2007 est.)
Industries	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)	electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	4.4% (2007)
International organization participation	none	ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIT, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Labor force	NA	2.67 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)	manufacturing 21%, construction 5%, transportation and communication 7%, financial, business, and other services 42%, other 25% (2006)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)	arable land: 1.47% permanent crops: 1.47% other: 97.06% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Chinese, Malay	Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)
Legal system	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law	based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms) elections: last held NA December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9	unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members; up to three losing opposition candidates who came closest to winning seats may be appointed as "nonconstituency" members elections: last held on 6 May 2006 (next to be held by 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 66.6%, WP 16.3%, SDA 13%, SDP 4.1%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SDA 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	total population: 81.8 years male: 79.21 years female: 84.59 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 96.6% female: 88.6% (2000 census)
Location	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 1,131 ships (1000 GRT or over) 33,237,005 GRT/52,487,127 DWT by type: bulk carrier 167, cargo 85, carrier 1, chemical tanker 156, container 231, liquefied gas 72, livestock carrier 2, petroleum tanker 355, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 3, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 46 foreign-owned: 652 (Australia 6, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 8, China 19, Denmark 68, France 1, Germany 18, Greece 14, Hong Kong 37, India 9, Indonesia 56, Italy 4, Japan 108, South Korea 7, Malaysia 28, Norway 125, Philippines 4, Slovenia 1, Sweden 17, Switzerland 2, Taiwan 60, Thailand 20, UAE 8, UK 13, US 17) registered in other countries: 293 (Bahamas 9, Belize 3, Bermuda 1, Bolivia 1, Cambodia 2, Cayman Islands 10, Cyprus 1, Dominica 8, France 2, Honduras 10, Hong Kong 11, Indonesia 26, Isle of Man 2, Kiribati 1, Liberia 42, Malaysia 22, Marshall Islands 12, Mongolia 12, Nigeria 1, Norway 1, Panama 83, Philippines 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, Thailand 2, Tuvalu 13, US 11, unknown 4) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	-
Military branches	-	Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes Air Defense) (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	4.9% (2005 est.)
National holiday	NA	National Day, 9 August (1965)
Nationality	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island	noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	NA
Natural resources	phosphate, beaches	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	7.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 139 km; refined products 8 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders	none	People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian] note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	433 (July 2003 est.)	4,553,009 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	-9% (2003 est.)	1.275% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Flying Fish Cove	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 17, shortwave 2 (2003)
Railways	24 km to serve phosphate mines	-
Religions	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)	Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.073 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.797 male(s)/female total population: 0.954 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)	general assessment: excellent service domestic: excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wireless service in February 2005; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is about 150 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 65; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations -4; supplemented by VSAT coverage (2003)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	1.854 million (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	4.789 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations	NA	1 (broadcasting on six channels); additional reception of numerous UHF and VHF signals originating in Malaysia and Indonesia (2006)
Terrain	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau	lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.07 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	1.7% (2007 est.)
Waterways	none	-

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